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Atividades grátis de leitura para o 4.º ano

Escrito pelo Dr. Evan J. Hasson, DC, pai de três filhos, que criou este currículo para os seus.

50 questões com as respostas, grátis para imprimir e fotocopiar para os seus próprios estudantes. Cada questão vem com o texto curto de que trata, então cada folha funciona sozinha. Compreensão, detalhe, inferência e vocabulário.

Esta matéria ensina leitura em inglês. As instruções e as perguntas estão em português; os textos e as alternativas estão em inglês, que é o que o estudante está aprendendo a ler.

Aproveite. Se quiser mais, ou algo que ainda não temos, escreva para support@uponlylearning.com e peça — nós lemos.

Leitura — 4.º ano

50 questões · respostas marcadas

UpOnly Learning
NomeDataNota     / 50

The Dust Bowl Years

In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work. Later, farmers planted rows of trees as windbreaks to hold the soil.

  1. 1. O que atingiu as planícies do sul nos anos trinta?
    1. A. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains. ← Resposta
    2. B. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
    3. C. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky.
    4. D. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
  2. 2. O que os fazendeiros tinham arado?
    1. A. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky.
    2. B. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work.
    3. C. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
    4. D. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place. ← Resposta
  3. 3. O que os ventos fortes levantaram?
    1. A. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
    2. B. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work.
    3. C. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky. ← Resposta
    4. D. Later, farmers planted rows of trees as windbreaks to hold the soil.
  4. 4. Para onde muitas famílias foram?
    1. A. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work. ← Resposta
    2. B. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
    3. C. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains.
    4. D. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
  5. 5. O que os fazendeiros plantaram depois?
    1. A. Later, farmers planted rows of trees as windbreaks to hold the soil. ← Resposta
    2. B. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
    3. C. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
    4. D. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky.
  6. 6. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. The plowing left no topsoil at all on the southern Great Plains. ← Resposta
    2. B. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work.
    3. C. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains.
    4. D. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
  7. 7. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains.
    2. B. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
    3. C. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky.
    4. D. The Dust Bowl was caused by floods that washed the deep soil away. ← Resposta
  8. 8. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: O que os fazendeiros tinham arado?
    1. A. The storms stopped when the farmers planted rows of more wheat.
    2. B. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky.
    3. C. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place. ← Resposta
    4. D. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains.
  9. 9. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: O que os ventos fortes levantaram?
    1. A. Farmers had plowed up the deep grass that once held the soil in place.
    2. B. Many families left their farms and traveled west looking for work.
    3. C. Strong winds lifted the dry topsoil into clouds that darkened the sky. ← Resposta
    4. D. In the 1930s a long drought struck the southern Great Plains.

The Wright Brothers' Wind Tunnel

Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane.

  1. 10. Por que eles desconfiaram dos números das asas?
    1. A. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
    2. B. Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust. ← Resposta
    3. C. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders.
    4. D. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
  2. 11. Onde construíram o túnel de vento?
    1. A. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio. ← Resposta
    2. B. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
    3. C. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
    4. D. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane.
  3. 12. O que testaram dentro dele?
    1. A. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders. ← Resposta
    2. B. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
    3. C. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
    4. D. Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust.
  4. 13. Que duas coisas mediram?
    1. A. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio.
    2. B. Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust.
    3. C. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged. ← Resposta
    4. D. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
  5. 14. O que os dados moldaram?
    1. A. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders.
    2. B. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
    3. C. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane. ← Resposta
    4. D. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
  6. 15. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
    2. B. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio.
    3. C. They trusted the wing numbers that the early glider tests gave them. ← Resposta
    4. D. Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust.
  7. 16. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio.
    2. B. Early glider tests left the Wright brothers with wing numbers they did not trust.
    3. C. The brothers tested model wings in a tank of water, not in a wind tunnel. ← Resposta
    4. D. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane.
  8. 17. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: Onde construíram o túnel de vento?
    1. A. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders.
    2. B. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane.
    3. C. In 1901 they built a wind tunnel in their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio. ← Resposta
    4. D. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
  9. 18. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: O que testaram dentro dele?
    1. A. The brothers built the wind tunnel after their first powered flight.
    2. B. They measured how each shape lifted and how much it dragged.
    3. C. Inside it they tested small model wings instead of full gliders. ← Resposta
    4. D. The data from those tests shaped the wings of their 1903 airplane.

Coral Reefs and Bleaching

A coral reef is built by tiny animals called polyps. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.

  1. 19. Quem constrói um recife de coral?
    1. A. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make.
    2. B. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color.
    3. C. A coral reef is built by tiny animals called polyps. ← Resposta
    4. D. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
  2. 20. O que as algas dividem com os pólipos?
    1. A. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.
    2. B. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make. ← Resposta
    3. C. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color.
    4. D. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
  3. 21. De onde vem a cor do recife?
    1. A. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
    2. B. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.
    3. C. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out.
    4. D. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color. ← Resposta
  4. 22. O que acontece quando a água fica quente demais?
    1. A. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out. ← Resposta
    2. B. A coral reef is built by tiny animals called polyps.
    3. C. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color.
    4. D. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make.
  5. 23. O que um recife branqueado precisa para se recuperar?
    1. A. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools. ← Resposta
    2. B. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color.
    3. C. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out.
    4. D. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
  6. 24. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. A bleached reef turns black instead of losing its bright color. ← Resposta
    2. B. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.
    3. C. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make.
    4. D. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out.
  7. 25. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.
    2. B. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make.
    3. C. A coral reef is built by small plants that grow in warm water. ← Resposta
    4. D. When the water stays too warm, the polyps push the algae out.
  8. 26. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: O que as algas dividem com os pólipos?
    1. A. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color.
    2. B. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
    3. C. Algae live inside the polyps and share the food they make. ← Resposta
    4. D. A coral reef is built by tiny animals called polyps.
  9. 27. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: De onde vem a cor do recife?
    1. A. A bleached reef looks white and can recover only if the water cools.
    2. B. A reef turns white because boats scrape the bright color off.
    3. C. A coral reef is built by tiny animals called polyps.
    4. D. The algae also give the reef most of its bright color. ← Resposta

How a Seismograph Works

A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper. Larger waves make taller wiggles on the record. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began.

  1. 28. O que um sismógrafo registra?
    1. A. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    2. B. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began.
    3. C. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    4. D. A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake. ← Resposta
  2. 29. Como o peso pendurado se comporta?
    1. A. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    2. B. A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
    3. C. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper.
    4. D. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes. ← Resposta
  3. 30. O que a pena faz?
    1. A. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    2. B. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper. ← Resposta
    3. C. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    4. D. Larger waves make taller wiggles on the record.
  4. 31. Como as ondas grandes aparecem no registro?
    1. A. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    2. B. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began.
    3. C. Larger waves make taller wiggles on the record. ← Resposta
    4. D. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper.
  5. 32. O que três estações juntas revelam?
    1. A. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    2. B. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    3. C. Larger waves make taller wiggles on the record.
    4. D. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began. ← Resposta
  6. 33. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
    2. B. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began.
    3. C. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    4. D. The heavy weight shakes harder than the frame of the seismograph does. ← Resposta
  7. 34. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. A seismograph tells scientists when the next quake will come. ← Resposta
    2. B. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    3. C. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper.
    4. D. Larger waves make taller wiggles on the record.
  8. 35. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: Como o peso pendurado se comporta?
    1. A. A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
    2. B. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    3. C. Comparing records from three stations shows where the quake began.
    4. D. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes. ← Resposta
  9. 36. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: O que a pena faz?
    1. A. A seismograph measures the damage an earthquake does to buildings.
    2. B. A seismograph records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
    3. C. A heavy weight hangs so still that it barely moves when the frame shakes.
    4. D. A pen attached to the weight traces a line on moving paper. ← Resposta

Harriet Tubman's Routes North

Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction. Later she served the Union Army as a scout and a nurse.

  1. 37. Quando Harriet Tubman escapou da escravidão?
    1. A. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day.
    2. B. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
    3. C. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom.
    4. D. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849. ← Resposta
  2. 38. Por que ela voltou ao sul?
    1. A. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day.
    2. B. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849.
    3. C. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction.
    4. D. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom. ← Resposta
  3. 39. Quando os grupos viajavam?
    1. A. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction.
    2. B. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
    3. C. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day. ← Resposta
    4. D. Later she served the Union Army as a scout and a nurse.
  4. 40. Como Tubman mantinha a direção?
    1. A. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom.
    2. B. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction. ← Resposta
    3. C. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
    4. D. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849.
  5. 41. O que ela fez para o exército da União?
    1. A. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day.
    2. B. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom.
    3. C. Later she served the Union Army as a scout and a nurse. ← Resposta
    4. D. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
  6. 42. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849.
    2. B. Tubman never went back to the South after her own escape. ← Resposta
    3. C. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction.
    4. D. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom.
  7. 43. Qual afirmação não é apoiada por nenhum detalhe do texto?
    1. A. The groups traveled only by daylight and rested at night. ← Resposta
    2. B. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom.
    3. C. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction.
    4. D. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day.
  8. 44. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: Por que ela voltou ao sul?
    1. A. She returned to the South again and again to guide others to freedom. ← Resposta
    2. B. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
    3. C. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849.
    4. D. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day.
  9. 45. Qual detalhe do texto responde a esta pergunta: Quando os grupos viajavam?
    1. A. Tubman led the groups north by following printed maps.
    2. B. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in Maryland in 1849.
    3. C. The groups traveled at night and rested in safe houses by day. ← Resposta
    4. D. Tubman used the North Star to keep her direction.

The Locks of the Panama Canal

The Panama Canal joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across a narrow country. A ship cannot sail straight through, because the land in the middle is higher. Locks work as water elevators that lift each ship step by step. Gravity moves the water, which flows in from a lake above the locks. At the far end the ship is lowered back down to sea level.

  1. 46. O que o Canal do Panamá liga?
    1. A. Locks work as water elevators that lift each ship step by step.
    2. B. The Panama Canal joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across a narrow country. ← Resposta
    3. C. Gravity moves the water, which flows in from a lake above the locks.
    4. D. A ship cannot sail straight through, because the land in the middle is higher.
  2. 47. Por que um navio não atravessa reto?
    1. A. A ship cannot sail straight through, because the land in the middle is higher. ← Resposta
    2. B. Gravity moves the water, which flows in from a lake above the locks.
    3. C. At the far end the ship is lowered back down to sea level.
    4. D. Ships are lifted over the hills of Panama by cranes on the banks.
  3. 48. O que as eclusas fazem?
    1. A. Ships are lifted over the hills of Panama by cranes on the banks.
    2. B. The Panama Canal joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across a narrow country.
    3. C. At the far end the ship is lowered back down to sea level.
    4. D. Locks work as water elevators that lift each ship step by step. ← Resposta
  4. 49. O que move a água nas eclusas?
    1. A. Ships are lifted over the hills of Panama by cranes on the banks.
    2. B. Gravity moves the water, which flows in from a lake above the locks. ← Resposta
    3. C. A ship cannot sail straight through, because the land in the middle is higher.
    4. D. The Panama Canal joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across a narrow country.
  5. 50. O que acontece na outra ponta?
    1. A. At the far end the ship is lowered back down to sea level. ← Resposta
    2. B. A ship cannot sail straight through, because the land in the middle is higher.
    3. C. Ships are lifted over the hills of Panama by cranes on the banks.
    4. D. Gravity moves the water, which flows in from a lake above the locks.
UpOnly Learning · uponlylearning.com · grátis para imprimir e fotocopiar para os seus próprios estudantesLeitura — 4.º ano
UpOnly Learning · uponlylearning.com · Leitura 4.º ano
Da apostila

Uma página real de Leitura · 4.º ano

Detetives de palavras: decifrando palavras longas com raízes e afixos

A criança vai usar o que sabe sobre letras e sons, a divisão em sílabas e as partes das palavras (raízes, prefixos e sufixos) para ler com precisão palavras em inglês desconhecidas e de várias sílabas, dentro e fora de um texto. · 40 min

Aquecimento — diga isto

“Palavras longas podem assustar, mas quase sempre são só partes menores grudadas umas nas outras. Hoje nós somos detetives de palavras.”

Exemplo resolvido

Leia e divida a palavra reconstruct. O que ela quer dizer?

Resposta: re-con-struct. O prefixo re- quer dizer de novo e a raiz struct quer dizer construir. Reconstruct quer dizer construir de novo, que foi o que a cidade fez com o poste da ponte.

Um erro que os estudantes cometem

Se eu não reconheço uma palavra longa, devo pular ou chutar pela primeira letra.

Como a apostila corrige

Demonstre a estratégia de quatro passos todas as vezes. Cubra o prefixo e o sufixo para que só a raiz apareça, leia a raiz e depois acrescente as partes de volta. Elogie o esforço de dividir a palavra.

Nota para o pai ou a mãe

Mantenha uma lista de raízes na porta da geladeira. Quando seu filho encontrar uma palavra longa nova em inglês em qualquer lugar, de caixas de cereal a placas de rua, olhem juntos para ver se alguma raiz conhecida está escondida dentro dela.

Esse é um tópico entre muitos. As questões grátis acima verificam uma habilidade; esta é a parte que a ensina.

Praticar não é ensinar. Leitura · 4.º ano é a parte que ensina.

Estas questões verificam uma habilidade que o seu estudante já encontrou. Elas não explicam nada, e não deveriam — é para isso que serve a apostila, e essa é toda a diferença entre as duas.

  1. Ensina.Cada tópico é uma aula de quarenta minutos que diz o que falar, em ordem: cinco minutos de aquecimento, doze de ensino, dez guiados, dez sozinho e três para fechar. Escrita para um pai que nunca ensinou.
  2. Explica.Dois exemplos resolvidos por tópico, e os dois erros que os estudantes realmente cometem naquela habilidade, com nome e com a forma de corrigir cada um. Quando um estudante trava, a apostila já sabe por quê.
  3. Revisa.Cada resposta vem com uma explicação curta, não apenas um gabarito. E cada tópico tem o seu banco de questões, então quem precisa de outra tentativa recebe questões diferentes, não a mesma folha de novo.
  4. É um plano, não uma pilha.Cada tópico indica o padrão que atende, em ordem de ensino, para você ver o ano inteiro antes de começar.
$9.99 Comprar Leitura · 4.º ano — $9,99 Leia primeiro uma amostra grátis Tudo o mais que damos de graça

Não sabe em que ano começar? Escreva para support@uponlylearning.com e conte sobre o seu estudante. Diremos a verdade, inclusive se a resposta for um ano abaixo do que ele está.

Por que isto existe

Eu gastava milhares de dólares por mês em professores particulares, e quando perguntava sobre matricular um segundo ou terceiro filho a resposta era a mesma em todo lugar: isso custa o dobro. Então construí o que não conseguia encontrar: nove matérias, do jardim de infância ao 5.º ano, cada tópico na ordem em que um estudante deveria encontrá-lo.

Dr. Evan J. Hasson, DC — Fundador · Ler a história completa

Outros anos

Jardim de infânciaQuestões grátis de leitura para o jardim de infância1.º anoQuestões grátis de leitura para o 1.º ano2.º anoQuestões grátis de leitura para o 2.º ano3.º anoQuestões grátis de leitura para o 3.º ano5.º anoQuestões grátis de leitura para o 5.º ano

4.º ano, outras matérias

MatemáticaQuestões grátis de matemática para o 4.º anoCiênciasQuestões grátis de ciências para o 4.º anoEscritaQuestões grátis de escrita e gramática para o 4.º ano

Para ler mais

Lê as palavras mas não compreendeSeu estudante lê bem mas não compreende. Por que decodificar e compreender são coisas diferentes, como saber o que falta e o que fazer toda semana.

Perguntas que os pais fazem

Estas atividades de leitura são mesmo grátis?

Sim. As 50 questões e as respostas estão nesta página, grátis para imprimir e fotocopiar para os seus próprios estudantes. Não há conta, e-mail nem cartão.

Um professor ou tutor pode usar isto com uma turma?

Pode. Imprima e fotocopie para os estudantes que você ensina. A única coisa que pedimos é que não republique como seu nem venda.

Onde estão as respostas?

Marcadas ao lado de cada questão nesta página, então ela imprime como o próprio gabarito. Se quiser uma cópia limpa para um estudante, imprima e cubra a coluna das respostas, ou use a apostila de amostra.

Para que ano são?

4.º ano. Cada ano do jardim de infância ao 5.º tem a sua página, com link no pé desta. Se o seu estudante achar difícil, tente o ano anterior: é normal e não é um problema.

O que as apostilas pagas acrescentam?

Estas questões verificam uma habilidade. A apostila ensina: uma aula de quarenta minutos que diz o que falar, dois exemplos resolvidos, os dois erros que os estudantes realmente cometem e como corrigir cada um, e uma explicação ao lado de cada resposta em vez de um gabarito seco.