Geography & Culture · free reference

Africa: countries, capitals and cultures

54 countries, one section each, A to Z. Every fact lists its source, and you can share a link to any country. Territories and other places are listed after the countries.

AngolaBurundiBeninBurkina FasoBotswanaCentral African RepublicCôte d'IvoireCameroonDemocratic Republic of the CongoRepublic of the CongoDjiboutiAlgeriaEgyptEritreaWestern SaharaEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaThe GambiaGuinea-BissauEquatorial GuineaKenyaLiberiaLibyaLesothoMoroccoMadagascarMaliMozambiqueMauritaniaMalawiNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSudanSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth SudanEswatiniChadTogoTunisiaTanzaniaUgandaSouth AfricaZambiaZimbabwe
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Flag of Algeria

Algeria

Northern Africa#algeria

Capital
Algiers[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Western Sahara: Western Sahara, a territory whose status is disputed (see the territories list).[1]
Landform or river
The Atlas Mountains cross northern Algeria from east to west[2]
Languages
Arabic (official), Tamazight (national), French[2]
Food
Couscous (shared heritage with Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia)[4]
Festival or tradition
Raï, a popular folk song Tradition[5]
Landmark
Tassili n'Ajjer UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Algeria has the largest land area of any country in Africa.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Algeria (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Algeria (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/knowledge-know-how-and-practices-pertaining-to-the-production-and-consumption-of-couscous-01602 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/rai-popular-folk-song-of-algeria-01894 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dz (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Angola

Angola

Middle Africa#angola

Capital
Luanda[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
The Cabinda exclave is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow corridor of Congo territory (Britannica). The Republic of the Congo is listed because Britannica's Republic of the Congo map captions name Angola as a neighbor.[1][4]
Landform or river
Plateau regions that drain to the Congo and Zambezi river systems[2]
Languages
Portuguese (official)[2]
Say hello
Olá oh-LAH (Portuguese) [5]
Festival or tradition
Sona, drawings and geometric figures made in the sand Tradition[6]
Landmark
Mbanza Kongo, Vestiges of the Capital of the former Kingdom of Kongo UNESCO World Heritage site[7]
Did you know?
Angola first took part in the Olympic Games in 1980.[2]
Sources (7)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Angola (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Angola (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Republic-of-the-Congo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Dicionário Priberam: olá · dicionario.priberam.org/ol%C3%A1 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sona-drawings-and-geometric-figures-on-sand-01994 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ao (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Benin

Benin

Western Africa#benin

Capitals
Porto-Novo official capital[2][3]Britannica: "Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto)". RAE lists both ("Caps. Porto Novo y Cotonú"). Quizzes accept both.Cotonou de facto capital[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Ouémé, the longest river, which flows into the Porto-Novo Lagoon[2]
Languages
French (official), Fon[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Royal Palaces of Abomey UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The country was called Dahomey until it was renamed Benin in 1975.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Benin (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Benin (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bj (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Botswana

Botswana

Southern Africa#botswana

Capital
Gaborone[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1][4]
Landform or river
Part of the Kalahari Desert in the southwest and west, and the Okavango Swamp in the north[2]
Languages
English (official), Tswana[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [5]
Landmark
Okavango Delta UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Bechuanaland was renamed Botswana in 1966, when it became independent.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Botswana (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Botswana (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Zambia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bw (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso

Western Africa#burkina-faso

Capital
Ouagadougou[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
A plateau cut by the valleys of the Black Volta (Mouhoun) and other rivers[2]
Languages
French (official), Moore, Dyula[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Ruins of Loropéni UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Burkina Faso is landlocked and lies south of the Sahara.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Burkina-Faso (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Burkina-Faso (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bf (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Burundi

Burundi

Eastern Africa#burundi

Capital
Gitega political capital[2][3]Britannica: "Gitega (political), Bujumbura (economic)". RAE gives Guitega. Bujumbura is not a quiz answer.
Neighbors (land borders)
[2]
Landform or river
Lake Tanganyika in the south and Lake Kivu in the north, linked by the Rusizi River[2]
Languages
Rundi (Kirundi) (official), French (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Festival or tradition
Ritual dance of the royal drum Tradition[5]
Did you know?
A high plateau runs north to south through Burundi, rising to about 2,600 m.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Burundi (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Burundi (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ritual-dance-of-the-royal-drum-00989 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde

Western Africa#cabo-verde

Capital
Praia[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
No land borders[2]
Landform or river
10 volcanic islands and 5 islets; Fogo Island has an active volcano and the highest peak[2]
Languages
Portuguese (official), Crioulo (national language)[2]
Say hello
Olá oh-LAH (Portuguese) [4]
Festival or tradition
Morna, a musical tradition Tradition[5]
Landmark
Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
The islands were uninhabited when Portuguese sailors sighted them in 1460.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Cabo-Verde (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Cabo-Verde (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Dicionário Priberam: olá · dicionario.priberam.org/ol%C3%A1 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/morna-musical-practice-of-cabo-verde-01469 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cv (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Cameroon

Cameroon

Middle Africa#cameroon

Capital
Yaoundé[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Mountains along the Nigerian border, including Mount Cameroon[2]
Languages
French (official), English (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Dja Faunal Reserve UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Cameroon has two official languages, French and English.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Cameroon (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Cameroon (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cm (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Central African Republic

Central African Republic

Middle Africa#central-african-republic

Capital
Bangui[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
A large rolling plateau[2]
Languages
French (official), Sango (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The Central African Republic is landlocked.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Central-African-Republic (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Central-African-Republic (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cf (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Chad

Chad

Middle Africa#chad

Capital
N'Djamena[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Chari and Logone rivers, and the volcanic Tibesti Massif in the north[2]
Languages
French (official), Arabic (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Lakes of Ounianga UNESCO World Heritage site[5][6]
Did you know?
Chad became independent in 1960.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Chad (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Chad (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/td (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/1400/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Comoros

Comoros

Eastern Africa#comoros

Capital
Moroni[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
No land bordersIslands: Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Mohéli (Mwali) and Anjouan (Ndzuwani). Mayotte is "one of the Comoro Islands but is administered by France" (Britannica).[2]
Landform or river
Mount Karthala, an active volcano, is the highest point (2,361 m)[2]
Languages
Comorian (official), Arabic (official), French (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
The Medinas of the Historic Sultanates of the Comoros UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Comoros has three official languages: Comorian, Arabic and French.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Comoros (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Comoros (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/km (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Côte d'Ivoire

Côte d'Ivoire

Also: Ivory Coast[6]

Western Africa#cote-d-ivoire

Capital
Yamoussoukro official capital[2][3]Britannica: "Capital: Yamoussoukro; de facto capital Abidjan." RAE and IBGE give Yamoussoukro. Abidjan is not a quiz answer.
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
A narrow coastal region and an equatorial rainforest in the west[2]
Languages
French (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Taï National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Côte d'Ivoire became independent in 1960.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Cote-dIvoire (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Cote-dIvoire (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ci (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Burkina-Faso (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Middle Africa#democratic-republic-of-the-congo

Capital
Kinshasa[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[2][1]
Landform or river
The heart of the Congo River basin[2]
Languages
French (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Virunga National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The Democratic Republic of the Congo lies on the Equator.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cd (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Djibouti

Djibouti

Eastern Africa#djibouti

Capital
Djibouti[2][3]The capital shares the country name.
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Mountains in the north, reaching 2,028 m at Mount Moussa[2]
Languages
French (official), Arabic (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Festival or tradition
The zaffa, a procession in traditional weddings Tradition[5]
Did you know?
Djibouti lies on the Gulf of Aden, at the entrance to the Red Sea.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Djibouti (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Djibouti (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-zaffa-in-the-traditional-wedding-02283 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Egypt

Egypt

Northern Africa#egypt

Egypt occupies a crossroads between Africa, Europe and Asia (Britannica); the Sinai Peninsula is in Asia. Listed on the Africa page.

Capital
Cairo[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Palestine: the Gaza Strip, part of the Palestinian territories (see Palestine). Britannica's Egypt map also marks "an area in the southeast with undetermined status between Egypt and Sudan".[1][4]
Landform or river
The Nile River, the country's main feature[2]
Languages
Arabic (official)[2]
Food
Koshary, an everyday dish[5]
Landmark
Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur UNESCO World Heritage site[6][7]
Game or sport
Tahteeb, a stick game[8]
Did you know?
Egypt is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations.[2]

Read the full Egypt guide

Sources (8)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Egypt (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Egypt (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Gaza-Strip (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/koshary-daily-life-dish-and-practices-associated-with-it-02278 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/eg (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/86/ (accessed 2026-10-26)
  8. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tahteeb-stick-game-01189 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Middle Africa#equatorial-guinea

Capital
Ciudad de la Paz[2][3]New capital proclaimed on 2 January 2026, replacing Malabo (Britannica summary; Financial Afrik). RAE, the IBGE atlas and the main Britannica article still give Malabo.
Neighbors (land borders)
[2][1]
Landform or river
Bioko island, made of extinct volcanic cones with crater lakes[2]
Languages
Spanish (official), French (official), Fang, Bubi[2]
Say hello
Hola OH-lah (Spanish) [4]
Did you know?
Equatorial Guinea became independent in 1968.[2]
Sources (4)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Equatorial-Guinea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Equatorial-Guinea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Financial Afrik (6 Jan 2026) · www.financialafrik.com/en/2026/01/06/equatorial-guinea-officially-changes-its-capital/ (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario de la lengua española: hola · dle.rae.es/hola (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Eritrea

Eritrea

Eastern Africa#eritrea

Capital
Asmara[2][3][4]The IBGE map spells it "Asmarah" (not used).
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Temperate central highlands, a coastal desert plain and savanna in the western lowlands[2]
Languages
No official language; Tigrinya, English and Arabic are the de facto working languages of government[3][2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) English is a de facto working language (Britannica facts).[5]
Landmark
Asmara: A Modernist African City UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Eritrea's coast runs about 1,000 km along the Red Sea.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Eritrea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Eritrea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Eritrea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/er (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Eswatini

Eswatini

Also: Swaziland[1]

Southern Africa#eswatini

Capitals
Mbabane administrative and judicial capital[2][3]Britannica: "Mbabane (administrative and judicial), Lobamba (legislative)". RAE lists both. Quizzes accept both.Lobamba legislative capital[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
High, middle and low velds, ending at the Lubombo escarpment in the east[2]
Languages
Swazi (Swati) (official), English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Did you know?
In 2018 the country's name changed from the Kingdom of Swaziland to the Kingdom of Eswatini.[2]
Sources (4)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Eswatini (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Eswatini (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Eastern Africa#ethiopia

Capital
Addis Ababa[2][3][4]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1][5][6]
Landform or river
The Great Rift Valley splits the central Ethiopian Plateau into eastern and western highlands[2]
Languages
Amharic, OromoBritannica lists these languages without saying which are official.[2]
Festival or tradition
Fichee-Chambalaalla, the New Year festival of the Sidama people Festival[7]
Landmark
Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela UNESCO World Heritage site[8]
Did you know?
Ethiopia is on the Horn of Africa, the easternmost part of the continent.[2]
Sources (8)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Ethiopia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Ethiopia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Kenya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Djibouti (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/fichee-chambalaalla-new-year-festival-of-the-sidama-people-01054 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  8. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/et (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Gabon

Gabon

Middle Africa#gabon

Capital
Libreville[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
About three-fourths of the land is equatorial rainforest[2]
Languages
French (official), Bantu languages (notably Fang)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Ivindo National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Gabon lies on the Equator, on the western coast of Africa.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Gabon (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Gabon (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ga (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Ghana

Ghana

Western Africa#ghana

Capital
Accra[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Mostly flat land, dominated by the Volta River basin[2]
Languages
English (official), Akan, Ewe, Hausa[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Asante Traditional Buildings UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
In 1957 the Gold Coast became the independent country of Ghana.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Ghana (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Ghana (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gh (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Guinea

Guinea

Western Africa#guinea

Capital
Conakry[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Western Africa's three major rivers, the Niger, Sénégal and Gambia, begin in Guinea[2]
Languages
French (official), Indigenous languages[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (shared with Côte d'Ivoire) UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Guinea is a major world producer of bauxite.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Guinea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Guinea (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gn (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau

Western Africa#guinea-bissau

Capital
Bissau[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Low, marshy land and a flat plateau, with the Bijagós Archipelago offshore[2]
Languages
Portuguese (official)[2]
Say hello
Olá oh-LAH (Portuguese) [4]
Landmark
Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Crocodiles, snakes, pelicans and flamingos live in its wetlands.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Guinea-Bissau (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Dicionário Priberam: olá · dicionario.priberam.org/ol%C3%A1 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gw (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Kenya

Kenya

Eastern Africa#kenya

Capital
Nairobi[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Highlands and mountains east of the Rift Valley, including Mount Kenya[2]
Languages
Swahili (official), English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Kenya became fully independent in 1963.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Kenya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Kenya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ke (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Lesotho

Lesotho

Southern Africa#lesotho

Capital
Maseru[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Lesotho is completely surrounded by South Africa.[2]
Landform or river
Mount Ntlenyana (3,482 m) is the highest point[2]
Languages
Sotho (official), English (official), Zulu[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Maloti-Drakensberg Park (shared with South Africa) UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
About two-thirds of Lesotho is mountainous.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Lesotho (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Lesotho (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ls (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Liberia

Liberia

Western Africa#liberia

Capital
Monrovia[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Coastal lowlands about 560 km long on the Atlantic, with hills and low mountains inland[2]
Languages
English (official), Indigenous languages[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Did you know?
Liberia is Africa's oldest republic.[2]
Sources (4)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Liberia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Liberia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Libya

Libya

Northern Africa#libya

Capital
Tripoli[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Most of the country is covered by the Sahara[2]
Languages
Arabic (official)[2]
Festival or tradition
Arabic kohl, a traditional eye make-up Tradition[4]
Landmark
Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Libya became an independent country in 1951.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Libya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Libya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-kohl-02261 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ly (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Madagascar

Madagascar

Eastern Africa#madagascar

Capital
Antananarivo[2][3][4]
Neighbors (land borders)
No land bordersAn island country, separated from the African coast by the Mozambique Channel.[2]
Landform or river
A high central plateau rising to 2,876 m at the volcanic Tsaratanana massif[2]
Languages
Malagasy (official), French (official)[3]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [5]
Landmark
Rainforests of the Atsinanana UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Madagascar (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Madagascar (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Madagascar (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mg (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Malawi

Malawi

Eastern Africa#malawi

Capital
Lilongwe[2][3][4]The judiciary meets in Blantyre (Britannica).
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Great Rift Valley, which holds Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi)[2]
Languages
No official language is stated in the constitution; English is the official language of instruction, Chewa, Lomwe[3][2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) English is the official language of instruction (Britannica facts).[5]
Landmark
Lake Malawi National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Malawi's judiciary meets in Blantyre, while the capital is Lilongwe.[2][3]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Malawi (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Malawi (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Malawi (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mw (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Mali

Mali

Western Africa#mali

Capital
Bamako[2][1][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
About two-fifths of the Niger River's length flows through Mali[2]
Languages
French (official), Bambara, Dogon, Songhai, Soninke, Senufo, Arabic[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Timbuktu UNESCO World Heritage site[5][6]
Did you know?
The Mali Empire was founded in the 13th century on the upper and middle Niger River.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Mali (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Mali (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ml (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/119/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Mauritania

Mauritania

Western Africa#mauritania

Capital
Nouakchott[2][3]The IBGE map spells it "Nawakshut" (not used).
Neighbors (land borders)
Britannica's Mauritania page did not load its border text; each border is confirmed from the neighbor's own page. Western Sahara: Western Sahara (status disputed).[4][5][6][7]
Landform or river
Low-lying desert forming the far western part of the Sahara[2]
Languages
Arabic (official), Fula, Soninke, Wolof[2]
Festival or tradition
Mahadra, a community system for passing on traditional knowledge Tradition[8]
Landmark
Banc d'Arguin National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[9]
Did you know?
Mauritania became independent from France in 1960.[2]
Sources (9)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Mauritania (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Mauritania (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Algeria (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Mali (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Senegal (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Western-Sahara (accessed 2026-10-26)
  8. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mahadra-a-community-system-for-transmission-of-traditional-knowledge-and-oral-expressions-01960 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  9. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mr (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Mauritius

Mauritius

Eastern Africa#mauritius

Capital
Port Louis[2][3]The IBGE Africa map shows no label for Mauritius.
Neighbors (land borders)
No land bordersAn island country east of Madagascar; Rodrigues Island, the Cargados Carajos Shoals and the Agalega Islands are outlying territories.[2]
Landform or river
A volcanic island almost surrounded by coral reefs[2]
Languages
English (official), Creole (lingua franca)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Le Morne Cultural Landscape UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The highest point is Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire, at 828 m.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Mauritius (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Mauritius (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mu (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Morocco

Morocco

Northern Africa#morocco

Capital
Rabat[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Spain: Spain's enclaves Ceuta and Melilla border Morocco. Western Sahara: Morocco claims Western Sahara, whose status is disputed (see the territories list). Mauritania is not listed: Morocco's map shows it only beyond Western Sahara.[1][4]
Landform or river
The Rif mountains along the north coast and the Atlas Mountains, with Mount Toubkal, the highest peak[2]
Languages
Arabic (official), Tamazight, French[2]
Festival or tradition
Moussem of Tan-Tan, a yearly gathering Festival[5]
Landmark
Medina of Fez UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Game or sport
Tbourida, a traditional horse-riding display[7]
Did you know?
Morocco is one of the world's largest suppliers of phosphate.[2]
Sources (7)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Morocco (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Morocco (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Western-Sahara (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/moussem-of-tan-tan-00168 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ma (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tbourida-01483 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Mozambique

Mozambique

Eastern Africa#mozambique

Capital
Maputo[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Southern lowlands and northern highlands, divided by the Zambezi River[2]
Languages
Portuguese (official)[2]
Say hello
Olá oh-LAH (Portuguese) [4]
Festival or tradition
Chopi timbila, music played on wooden xylophones Tradition[5]
Landmark
Island of Mozambique UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Mozambique was once called Portuguese East Africa; it became independent in 1975.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Mozambique (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Dicionário Priberam: olá · dicionario.priberam.org/ol%C3%A1 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/chopi-timbila-00133 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mz (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Namibia

Namibia

Southern Africa#namibia

Capital
Windhoek[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Namib Desert, the Central Plateau and the Kalahari Desert[2]
Languages
English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Namib Sand Sea UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Namibia became independent in 1990.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Namibia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Namibia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/na (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Niger

Niger

Western Africa#niger

Capital
Niamey[2][3][4]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Niger River in the southwest and the mountainous Aïr Massif in the north-central region[2]
Languages
Hausa (national), French (working), English (working)The Britannica facts page still lists French as the official language; the summary (used here) lists Hausa as national and French and English as working languages.[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) French is a working language; a Hausa greeting is not yet sourced.[5]
Landmark
Historic Centre of Agadez UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Niger is landlocked, with savanna in the south and desert in the centre and north.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Niger (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Niger (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Niger (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ne (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Nigeria

Nigeria

Western Africa#nigeria

Capital
Abuja[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Plateaus and lowlands drained by the Niger River[2]
Languages
English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Nigeria became independent in 1960 and a republic in 1963.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Nigeria (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ng (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Republic of the Congo

Republic of the Congo

Middle Africa#republic-of-the-congo

Capital
Brazzaville[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
The border with Angola is with its Cabinda exclave.[1]
Landform or river
Rainforests cover nearly two-thirds of the land[2]
Languages
French (official), Bantu languages[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The Republic of the Congo lies on the Equator.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Republic-of-the-Congo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Republic-of-the-Congo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cg (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Rwanda

Rwanda

Eastern Africa#rwanda

Capital
Kigali[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[2]
Landform or river
A landlocked, mountainous country, mostly above 1,200 m[2]
Languages
Rwanda (official), French (official), English (official), Swahili (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Festival or tradition
Intore, a traditional dance Tradition[5]
Did you know?
Rwanda has four official languages.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Rwanda (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Rwanda (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/intore-02129 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe

São Tomé and Príncipe

Middle Africa#sao-tome-and-principe

Capital
São Tomé[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
No land borders[2]
Landform or river
Two main volcanic islands with lowlands in the northeast and central highlands[2]
Languages
Portuguese (official)[2]
Say hello
Olá oh-LAH (Portuguese) [4]
Festival or tradition
Tchiloli, a traditional open-air theatre Tradition[5]
Landmark
The Roças of São Tomé and Príncipe: Colonial Agricultural System and Forced Migration UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
São Tomé and Príncipe lies on the Equator, in the Gulf of Guinea.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Sao-Tome-and-Principe (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Sao-Tome-and-Principe (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Dicionário Priberam: olá · dicionario.priberam.org/ol%C3%A1 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tchiloli-living-theatre-of-sao-tome-and-principe-in-the-quest-of-justice-02309 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/st (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Senegal

Senegal

Western Africa#senegal

Capital
Dakar[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Sénégal River[2]
Languages
French (official)[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Island of Gorée UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Senegal became an independent country in 1960.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Senegal (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Senegal (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/sn (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Seychelles

Seychelles

Eastern Africa#seychelles

Capital
Victoria[2][3][4]
Neighbors (land borders)
No land bordersAn island country in the western Indian Ocean.[2]
Landform or river
Mountainous granite islands in the centre and flat coral islands farther out[2]
Languages
No official language; Creole, English and French are national languages[3]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) English is one of three national languages (Britannica facts).[5]
Landmark
Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
The first recorded landing on the then uninhabited islands was in 1609.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Seychelles (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Seychelles (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Seychelles (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/261/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

Western Africa#sierra-leone

Capital
Freetown[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Sierra Leone Peninsula, with thickly wooded mountains rising from the swamps[2]
Languages
English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Gola-Tiwai Complex UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Freetown, the capital, was founded in 1787 as a settlement for freed people.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Sierra-Leone (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/sl (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Somalia

Somalia

Eastern Africa#somalia

Capital
Mogadishu[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
In 1991 a breakaway group proclaimed a Republic of Somaliland in the northwest; Britannica notes that Israel recognized it in 2025 and maps its boundaries with Puntland and Somalia as disputed. Listed here as part of Somalia, the UN member state.[1][4][5][6]
Landform or river
Flat central and southern regions, rising to rugged mountains in the north[2]
Languages
Somali (official), Arabic (official)[2]
Festival or tradition
The zaffa, a procession in traditional weddings Tradition[7]
Did you know?
Somalia stretches from just south of the Equator to the Gulf of Aden.[2]
Sources (7)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Somalia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Somalia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Kenya (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Djibouti (accessed 2026-10-26)
  7. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-zaffa-in-the-traditional-wedding-02283 (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of South Africa

South Africa

Southern Africa#south-africa

Capitals
Pretoria executive capital[2][3]South Africa has three capitals: Pretoria/Tshwane (executive), Cape Town (legislative) and Bloemfontein/Mangaung (judicial) (Britannica). RAE lists all three. Quizzes accept all three.Cape Town legislative capital[2][3]Bloemfontein judicial capital[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Lesotho lies entirely within South Africa.[2]
Landform or river
A broad interior plateau ringed by the mountainous Great Escarpment and a narrow coastal plain[2]
Languages
12 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho and Zulu[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
South Africa is the southernmost country on the African continent.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/South-Africa (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/915/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of South Sudan

South Sudan

Eastern Africa#south-sudan

Capital
Juba[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
Britannica marks the Abyei region on the northern border with Sudan as disputed, "having its final status yet to be determined".[1]
Landform or river
The Nile River flows through the whole length of the country[2]
Languages
English (official working language)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Boma–Badingilo Migratory Landscape UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
South Sudan became a country on July 9, 2011.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/South-Sudan (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/South-Sudan (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ss (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Sudan

Sudan

Northern Africa#sudan

Capital
Khartoum capital (executive)[2][3]Britannica lists "Khartoum (executive), Omdurman (legislative)". RAE and the IBGE atlas give Khartoum only, so Omdurman is not a quiz answer yet. The IBGE map spells it "Khórtam" (not used).
Neighbors (land borders)
Britannica marks the Abyei area on the Sudan–South Sudan border as disputed, with its final status yet to be determined.[1]
Landform or river
The Nile River flows through the whole length of the country[2]
Languages
Arabic (official working language), English (official working language)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Sudan became independent in 1956.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Sudan (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Sudan (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/sd (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Tanzania

Tanzania

Eastern Africa#tanzania

Capital
Dodoma[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Kilimanjaro, and Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano[2]
Languages
Swahili (official), English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Serengeti National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5][6]
Did you know?
Serengeti National Park is the most famous of Tanzania's many game reserves.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Tanzania (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Tanzania (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tz (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/156/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of The Gambia

The Gambia

Western Africa#the-gambia

Capital
Banjul[2][3]The IBGE Africa map shows no label for Banjul; the PT form is from Toda Matéria.
Neighbors (land borders)
[2][1]
Landform or river
The Gambia River, a major transport route[2]
Languages
English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The Gambia is surrounded by Senegal except on its Atlantic coast; it became independent in 1965.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/The-Gambia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/The-Gambia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gm (accessed 2026-10-26)

See something we should correct about The Gambia? Tell us.

Flag of Togo

Togo

Western Africa#togo

Capital
Lomé[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
A swampy coastal plain, a central mountain range and a northern savanna[2]
Languages
French (official), Ewe[2]
Say hello
Bonjour bohn-ZHOOR (French) [4]
Landmark
Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba (shared with Benin) UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Togo became independent in 1960.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Togo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Togo (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Larousse: bonjour · www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/bonjour (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tg (accessed 2026-10-26)

See something we should correct about Togo? Tell us.

Flag of Tunisia

Tunisia

Northern Africa#tunisia

Capital
Tunis[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Majardah, its longest river (about 460 km) and the only one that flows all year[2]
Languages
Arabic (official), French[2]
Food
Harissa, a traditional chili paste[4]
Landmark
Amphitheatre of El Jem UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
The Romans ruled the area from 146 BCE.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Tunisia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · ich.unesco.org/en/RL/harissa-knowledge-skills-and-culinary-and-social-practices-01710 (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tn (accessed 2026-10-26)

See something we should correct about Tunisia? Tell us.

Flag of Uganda

Uganda

Eastern Africa#uganda

Capital
Kampala[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[2][1]
Landform or river
Margherita Peak (5,119 m) is the highest mountain[2]
Languages
English (official), Swahili[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park UNESCO World Heritage site[5]
Did you know?
Uganda became independent in 1962.[2]
Sources (5)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Uganda (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Uganda (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ug (accessed 2026-10-26)

See something we should correct about Uganda? Tell us.

Flag of Zambia

Zambia

Eastern Africa#zambia

Capital
Lusaka[2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River[2]
Languages
English (official)[2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [4]
Landmark
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls (shared with Zimbabwe) UNESCO World Heritage site[5][6]
Did you know?
Zambia, once called Northern Rhodesia, became independent in 1964.[2]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Zambia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Zambia (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/zm (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre · whc.unesco.org/en/list/509/ (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Flag of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

Eastern Africa#zimbabwe

Capital
Harare[2][3][4]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1]
Landform or river
The Zambezi River forms the northwestern border and includes Victoria Falls[2]
Languages
16 official languages, including English, Shona and Ndebele[3][2]
Say hello
Hello heh-LOH (English) [5]
Landmark
Great Zimbabwe National Monument UNESCO World Heritage site[6]
Did you know?
Zimbabwe has 16 official languages.[3]
Sources (6)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Zimbabwe (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (facts) · www.britannica.com/facts/Zimbabwe (accessed 2026-10-26)
  4. RAE-ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios · www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios (accessed 2026-10-26)
  5. Merriam-Webster: hello · www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hello (accessed 2026-10-26)
  6. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (State Party page) · whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/zw (accessed 2026-10-26)

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Territories and other places

These places are not UN member or observer states. Each is shown with a neutral note from the sources.

Western Sahara

#western-sahara

Status
Status disputed. A former Spanish colony (Spanish Sahara). Morocco annexed the territory in 1976 and 1979; the Polisario Front declared a government-in-exile, the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic, in 1976. A 1991 ceasefire and UN-sponsored talks have not settled its status (Britannica). Not a UN member state.[1][2][3]
Main city or capital
Britannica lists Laayoune as its capital; not used in quizzes.[1][2][3]
Neighbors (land borders)
[1][2][3]
Sources (3)
  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (summary) · www.britannica.com/summary/Western-Sahara (accessed 2026-10-26)
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Western-Sahara (accessed 2026-10-26)
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica · www.britannica.com/place/Algeria (accessed 2026-10-26)

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